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8 COLREG rules every navigating officer must understand

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COLREG every watch keeper must know I still remember the condition that was put by our first chief officer for us to enter wheelhouse and keep a watch with him. The condition was that we should know each rule of the road word by word. 18 years later, while writing this post I realize how appropriate his condition was. When it comes to navigation and watch keeping, to be crystal clear about COLREGS is undoubtably the priority. It takes several watches to be kept under the guidance of an officer to be clear about these rules. Problem is that we have nowadays moved from having a trainer to self training. Officers on board a ship are overloaded with their own work and so do not have time to train their juniors. In these cases, junior officers have to work on self training. In this post we will discuss in detail 8 rules every watch keeper must know. But before we move to the rules, we must know the sections in which COLREGS are divided. This is important because not all the rules are applicable in all the situations. For example rules under Part B, Section II are only applicable when you can visually see the other vessel. So we should know which rule is applicable under which condition. Sections and parts of Colreg Rules of the road are divided into Five parts. These are Part A: General Part B: St...

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Comments (132)

  • Ansel pereiar June 30, 2016
    Good explanation of COLGEGS giving examples..making the understanding easier..would love to read more of these
    1
    Rajeev Jassal June 30, 2016
    Glad you liked it Ansel..
  • Vivek Kothambath June 30, 2016
    Very useful . Thank you
    1
    Rajeev Jassal June 30, 2016
    Glad that you found it useful Vivek..
  • Hardeepak Singh June 30, 2016
    Good article. Nice to know someone has taken time to to enlighten others selflessly. Safe seas everyone.
    2
    Rajeev Jassal June 30, 2016
    Thanks for the kind words Hardeepak..
    Rakesh July 1, 2016
    have a look at www.cultofsea.com , i think they both should merge
  • Sachin June 30, 2016
    Fantastic explanation ...
    1
    Rajeev Jassal June 30, 2016
    Glad you liked it Sachin..
  • Mithilesh June 30, 2016
    colreg simplified in a very simple language...very useful...liked it..
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 1, 2016
    Glad you liked it Mithilesh..
  • Nikhil Bhatt July 1, 2016
    Good day sir , kindly explain action in RV to be taken by a power driven vsl with inoperational radar on hearing a fog signal which is apparently coming from astern.
    2
    Rajeev Jassal July 1, 2016
    In this case.. No action is required. We need to maintain our course and speed.
    Prem Choudhary December 3, 2018
    Sir how can we justify this action to a surveyor when asked in MMD.. as this action is not mentioned clearly in ROR?
  • Nikhil jadhav July 1, 2016
    A very useful and important for Freshers like me .... Thank you so much ..!! ✌️✌
    2
    Rajeev Jassal July 1, 2016
    Happy to help.. Let me know if you have any questions anytime..
    kevin cas July 9, 2018
    can i ask a quetion sir, can u alter course to port?
  • Paras Agarwal July 1, 2016
    Vry vry useful sir.
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 1, 2016
    Glad you found it useful Paras..
  • Capt Sanjay Prasad July 1, 2016
    Hats off to you Capt Rajeev. I appreciate your efforts, time and hard work to assist shipping fraternity, especially to our upcoming young seafarers. Kindly keep it up !!!!!!
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 1, 2016
    Thanks a lot Capt Sanjay. Your kind words will definitely help me keep going..
  • MITHILESH KUMAR July 2, 2016
    sir in rv if one vsl is coming down from forward of beam and one vessel is coming from abaft our beam in starbord side..what we should do in this situation??
    4
    Rajeev Jassal July 3, 2016
    Mithilesh, COLREGS gives us actions to take in individual situation. If we have more than one situation to handle, we need to use our seamanship skills to handle that and while taking action in these situation, we need to make sure that as far as possible we do not contradict the ROR. In this condition, there can be number of solutions. We can reduce the speed to allow the vessel abaft the beam to overtake us early and then alter course to starboard to clear the vessel forward of beam. We can even depart from Rules if the situation warrants that but the departure from the rules should be unavoidable. For example we can ask the overtaking vessel to alter more to starboard and then we can alter to starboard for the vessel forward of beam. A good seamanship should also assess the TCPA of both the situations and give priority to the situation with lesser TCPA.
    MITHILESH July 4, 2016
    sir, i really appreciate ur effort to guide us...ur suggestion is really very very helpful...hats off to your effort.
  • karthick July 3, 2016
    very very usefull, thanks soo much sir.. again remainder for squat cal, UKC avail , those related topics required.
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 3, 2016
    Glad that you found it useful Karthick.. I will write on UKC/Squat very soon..
  • Manipushpak July 3, 2016
    Why not u put all the colreg rule like that it helps the cadet who preparing themselves for 2nd mate make a lot .plzz i request u to post all 38 ror rules like that thanks in advance
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 3, 2016
    Thanks Mani.. I have some other topics in line but I have put your suggestion in list and will post it soon..
  • Abhijit Arvind Mohite July 12, 2016
    Blog is very informative, just for your info there is amendments in COLREGS where part F is added (Verification of compliance), which has rule 39,40,41
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 12, 2016
    Glad you find it informative Abhijit. Yes the Jan 2016 amendment I did not add as these were not related to seafarers but I will better include it to avoid confusion.
  • Mithin July 19, 2016
    Sir plz give explanation for what visibility is restricted visibility? If the visibility is 3Nm, will it be considered as restricted visibility ? What about 2NM or 4NM visibility ?
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 21, 2016
    There is no fixed range of visibility that can be termed as "restricted Visibility". Even rule 19 describes its applicability to "in and near the area of restricted visibility". As I said in the blog that we do not really need to define the range as the actions required in case of Restricted visibility and in case of "in sight of one another" do not contradict with each other. Even with 3NM visibility, you might be able to spot an incoming vessel but at the same time the other vessel might not be able to spot you in fog. For you it is "in sight of one another" situation and for other vessel it may be "restricted visibility" situation.
  • Anand July 29, 2016
    Hi Rajeev. Good work. May I dare to differ on your following comment from the above article, regarding the crossing situation? "This rule also guides about what action a give way vessel need to take to avoid risk of collision. It asks the give way vessel to avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel. That is only possible if the give way vessel alter her course to starboard." I think an alteration to port needn't always result in crossing ahead- alteration to port is no offence- crossing ahead is. It may well be the best action to take especially if the stand on is approaching from near about the starboard beam. Your comments? Thanks, Anand.
    3
    Rajeev Jassal July 30, 2016
    Hello Anand. I like to be corrected and thanks for that. You have made a very good point. I will revise the wording. Just one point. Even crossing ahead may not be an offence if it is not avoidable in the circumstances as it uses the word "Avoid" and not "Shall". But off course in case of a collision, the onus to prove the circumstances will remain on the give way vessel. Thanks for contributing to it Anand.
    Anand July 30, 2016
    Thanks for your response Rajeev. I cannot disagree with the latter part of your message and your point is taken. However, I am of the opinion that a lot of us navigators are all too keen to resort to Rule 2 to justify departures from the Colreg, far too early. I think that all resources/ options should be exhausted and the danger be immediate, before falling back on Rule 2. ...I should stop about now. Great work none the less and good luck with all else. Warm regards, Anand.
  • Vijeesh kumar August 29, 2016
    Thanks alot for your sir .plplease explain me the difference between underway and making way
    1
    Rajeev Jassal September 13, 2016
    Underway is when a ship is floating in water but not using engine. Making way is when the ship is using engine and making way through water.
  • Frank Parenti September 12, 2016
    "A NUC (Not under command) vessel is overtaking your vessel (power driven vessel) with risk of collision." Captain, Risk of Collision (ROC) is not a stated element of Rule 13, it is with rules 14 and 15 but paragraphs (a)-(d) make no mention of ROC. Maybe it was in the question to signify urgency, but regardless of ROC, it is still an overtaking situation
    2
    Rajeev Jassal September 13, 2016
    You are right Frank. ROC is mentioned to signify the situation where an action is required. If there is no risk of collision, there is no action required and hence it hardly matters if the situation is overtaking or crossing situation. But you made a very good point about ROC. Thanks.
    Alok June 9, 2018
    Hi Rajeev, in my understanding, wherever the term ' Shall keep out of the way' is used, it implies that a risk of collision exists. And wherever the term ' Shall not impede the passage' is used, it implies that their is no risk of collision. So when u talk of an Overtaking Situation, it automatically implies that a risk of collision as determined by Rule 7 exists
  • Manipushpak September 18, 2016
    Sir i further request you to plzz update more no of colreg like that bcoz u explain in such a way its very easy to understand , thnx once again sir
    3
    Rajeev Jassal September 28, 2016
    Thank you Mani.. Yes I will write on other rules too..
    kevin cas July 9, 2018
    can i ask a question can you alter course to port?
  • hpsingh December 17, 2016
    Good day sir its truly useful for all of mariners all around. Kindly put some light in a situation : a NUC crossing own P/d vsl following a traffic lane in TSS from our stbd side.. can we apply rule 18 here? as rule 10 nothing mentions about nuc. If so, then what about the first line mentioned in rule 18 "except anywhere" ? can rule 18 b still used after exceptions? thanks hope to see ur reply soon
    4
    Rajeev Jassal February 16, 2017
    Yes, we need to apply rule 18 here. First line of rule 18 says, Except where rule 9,10 and 13 otherwise require". So Rule 10 does not require NUC to be clear (it does not mention anything about NUC) so rule 18 would apply.
    adnan ulde February 19, 2017
    sir can u please elaborate on this why we can use rule 18 when it is clearly mention at starting of rule 18 only except rule 9,10and 13
  • ARVIND SHUKLA February 2, 2017
    SIR, KINDLY CLARIFY THAT ARE ALL TOWING VESSELS ARE RAM VESSELS SPECIALLY TUGS TOWING BARGE.
    1
    Rajeev Jassal February 16, 2017
    As definition of RAM says, a towing vessel will only become RAM if the tug and tow has any restriction to alter their course. For example in case of restricted width of channel.
  • Rahul Ghosh February 6, 2017
    Great initiative taken..Very helpful material!!!
    1
    Rajeev Jassal February 16, 2017
    Thanks Rahul..
  • gurpreet February 15, 2017
    well explained, thank you for taking efforts to explain.
    1
    Rajeev Jassal February 16, 2017
    Thanks Gurpreet...
  • Shamy March 12, 2017
    Hello Capt Rajeev, What about the definition of NUC as per rule number 3 that the vessel which through some exceptional circumstances is unable to manoeuvre as REQUIRED BY THESE RULES, the definition lies under Part A of colregs (General), does that mean it applies to all the rules coming up next in COLRES ?? and if so does that mean that the i should keep clear of the NUC at all times as she is not able to manoeuvre ( Give way ) as required by the Rules including where she is overtaking me ?
    3
    Rajeev Jassal March 13, 2017
    The first line of the rule 3 says "....Except where the context otherwise require". For the overtaking situation, the rule and the context of the situation require NUC vessel to keep clear and hence it is the responsibility of the NUC vessel to keep clear.
    Shamy March 13, 2017
    Thank you captin for the explanation..
  • AjayPal Singh April 13, 2017
    Very useful blog Sir, In the overtaking situation where own vessel is PD and NUC is overtaking us. ROC exist and if the NUC vessel is not taking any action , then our action as per Action By Stand-on Vessel??
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 29, 2017
    In the overtaking situation, NUC vessel does not get any preferences. So if NUC vessel is not taking action and the first action would be to draw her attention. If still no action then we can alter to the side opposite to the side from which the NUC vessel is overtaking.
  • Ajaypal Singh April 13, 2017
    One more doubt sir , Own vessel is PD and CBD is crossing us from Port side. ROC exist and range is about 5m , In this situation which Rule comes in place Rule 18 or Rule 15, Because as per Rule 3 CBD is PD vessel , And as per Rule 15 (when two pd vessel are crossing...). In this situation if CDB is not taking any action then Our action is as per Rule 17 or 18.According to Rule 17 we are stand-on / and Rule 18 says we are give way.
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 29, 2017
    Rule 18 is applicable over all other rules in that section except Rule 9, 10 and 13. So in the case of CBD crossing our vessel, we shall avoid impeding the safe passage of the CBD vessel.
  • Karam April 26, 2017
    Very usefull..great stuff
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 29, 2017
    Thanks, Karam...
  • Dhivakar babu May 19, 2017
    hello sir, still there I receive many doubts about underway, and making way for a powerdriven vessel so could you clarify it. and one more sir, if our vessel had some engine problem and we commenced to drift we put on our NUC light can we or can we not put on our stern and side lights . "and many thnks for ur clean cut explanations "
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 29, 2017
    In my opinion, till the time the vessel has significant headway, she would be considered as Making way.
  • Dhivakar babu May 19, 2017
    hello sir, still there I receive many doubts about underway, and making way for a powerdriven vessel so could you clarify it. and one more sir, if our vessel had some engine problem and we commenced to drift we put on our NUC light can we or can we not put on our stern and side lights . "and many thnks for ur clean cut explanations "
    0
  • Reza June 27, 2017
    Hello sir, I have question abut 2nd officer promotion, What is the different between 2nd officer and 3rd officer in cargo watch? thanks
    0
  • Reza June 27, 2017
    And I have another question about chart, from which chart we never can use for passage plan? I mean abut cancel chart.
    0
  • Chris July 4, 2017
    I am having difficulty signing up in the window pane in this webpage to get more lessons on shipping, is it working correctly? I would like to sign up as this is all very well put together so thank you.
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 29, 2017
    Yes, it working Chris. If you finding any difficulty signing up, can you please send an email to support@myseatime.com with the issue you are facing.
  • Pushpam Kumar July 5, 2017
    Dear sir! Inoperational radar, how will you make out if vsl is overtaking. Surveyor is not satisfied with taking Consequtive bearings or taking range for ais// so wat could be the best and to satisfy him,, thanks in advance
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 29, 2017
    I think it is with increasing intensity of the sound signals...
  • Danish.M.Pawne July 12, 2017
    Very helpful sir ...... it actually change my view of understanding 'ROR' and assessing situations.
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 29, 2017
    Glad you found it useful Danish...
  • mahi gurjar July 28, 2017
    Thank you very much sir for making understanding everything.i request to Write some practically precautions that we will take on board tanker during operations. It will help me in my 2nd mate oral examination. I will be glad if possible to email on my email id. Thank you sir.
    1
    Rajeev Jassal July 29, 2017
    I will write on that Mahi.. FYI, I do have some already on the topic like Framo pumps, Static electricity etc. You can check those out..
  • Yudhveer August 6, 2017
    Sir very usefull i want to know we are power driven vsl and there is fishing vessel on starboard and it is crossing and we are on collision course what action we will take and we are in tss
    0
  • Matthieu September 24, 2017
    Captain, thank you from a lifelong offshore sailor for taking the time to illustrate these rules clearly and concisely, including some tricky cases...having read and re-read, even memorised COLREGs can be quite different from understanding and applying them properly in live situations, I hope many commercial ship watch officers, and many more leisure seamen read you...I will gladly read your other articles and direct others to this blog, thanks again.
    1
    Rajeev Jassal September 24, 2017
    Thank you Sir for your kind words and support...
  • Abhijeet December 10, 2017
    Sir i ll b glad if u can make us understand rule 8 f 1,2,3...
    0
  • John February 7, 2018
    Captain,the rules have been well explained buttressed with very good questions.It has really enlightened me in different context to understanding of these Rules.Thank you soo much and may this blog continue to bring solutions to the seafarer.
    0
  • Rajat Semwal February 9, 2018
    Sir, If a Fishing Vessel is Constrained by Draught then what lights should it be exhibiting??? Fishing Vessel Lights or CBD lights
    0
  • MOHD MOQEEM AHMAD March 26, 2018
    Thank you so much sir for clearing my doubts.
    0
  • Neeraj Singh pundir March 30, 2018
    Hello sir, kindly advise what if we are in narrow channel and one sailing vessel coming from our stbd side entering the channel and at the same time one pdv is head on.
    1
    Rohit May 12, 2018
    Keep always stbd side of the channel ,sailing vsl shall not impede your passage ...you can give 5 rapid short blast to sailing vessel as she is give way in this situation...Regarding the PDV Rule say she will keep to the stbd side of the channel...proceed with a safe speed an do remember your maneuvering characteristics and stopping distance of the vessel.Its Sailing vsl responsibility to keep clear in narrow channel as per Colregs.
  • Jun Macaya April 24, 2018
    Very useful sir. I learned alot.
    0
  • rahul kush April 29, 2018
    You are best sir.
    0
  • rahul kush April 29, 2018
    So sir if NUC is overtaking vessel then is she also a give way vessel?
    1
    Rohit May 12, 2018
    Rahul NUC is give way.....Maintain your speed and course with caution....if she come s in closer range give 5 rapid short blast its her responsibility to keep clear...Rule No. 13 Over rides all the way...else you can go to either side if she continue comes close to you ....
  • Abraham Paypa May 19, 2018
    Thank you for the simplified actual representation of the Regulations. Hope to hear more from you.
    0
  • SOURAV June 29, 2018
    Sir,which are the rules we want to by heart?
    0
  • Aditya Prakash July 13, 2018
    First of all Thanks a lot sir. I have a doubt if a nuc or ram crossing the tss what action we will take and according to which rule?
    0
  • Pradeep singh chauhan July 27, 2018
    Hello Sir, Thank you so much for the exolanation. Sir, in my oral i was failed bcoz surveyor asked me a question, Tgt vsl on port bow.Range 10 mile on radar, RV, crossing , action? My ans was i will monitor the vsl by radar and as per u the range is 10 mile, so i will maintain my course and speed. And in RV there is no give way and stand on so i will maintain the cpa as per company policy and pass well clear. But i was failed. Can u plz help me regarding this.
    0
  • Akashdeep Godara October 22, 2018
    Sir , could u plz advice how to go about the situation when vsl cbd crossing tss from port bow and she is the target vsl and my vsl is pdv , what rules will be applicable??? And is rule 18 is applicable here in tss and narrow channel
    0
  • Navdeep Singh November 3, 2018
    Good day sir, own vsl RAM , Target vsl CBD crossing from my port side , ROC exists.which among these will act as stand on & which will be give way vsl ? action?
    0
  • VirGo November 23, 2018
    Good day Sir, your explaination is understood easly. Please explain me with pleasure about sound signal one prolonged blast, one short blast, one prolonged blast, one short blast. Is that sound signal only used both in narrow channel and fairway? I don't get good Idea about it. Thx and be Blessed
    0
  • Manish January 17, 2019
    Beautifully crafted notes. Not only this one but i read your other notes too. Really admirable!! Imparting knowledge. Great work sir.
    0
  • Nick January 25, 2019
    You missed one very important piece on information in Rule 5.... and that is the 1st sentence... "every vessel shall at all times"
    0
  • Aly April 1, 2019
    Thanks
    0
  • Nissim April 7, 2019
    Very good and useful explainations. can you send me please in pdf to print and keep?
    0
  • Nissim Elfasi April 7, 2019
    Very good and useful explainations. Can you send me in pdf to print and keep?
    0
  • Gautam Kumar August 19, 2019
    A lot of thanks , sir for giving us such a precious information.
    0
  • mark August 19, 2019
    good day Sir. how many miles or on what distance both vessel in a head on situation shall alter their course to starboard...
    1
    Aubrey October 27, 2021
    3 miles
  • Dipak das August 19, 2019
    fishing vsl crossing TSS on my port side& also in narrow channel.who is give way & whose stand on vsl.since rule 10 says all rule applies.fishing vsl shll not impede passage but in rule 8 f(i) its doesnt say that fishing vsl keep out of the way.(as per rule 16-its clearly mention keep out of the way).plz clarify sir.
    0
  • Ravi August 22, 2019
    Thanks for the explaination. I have a doubt as in exams they r asking situations with multiple targets. So do we have to take account of the targets action as well before taking action for mca exams. Kindly advice. Eg. You have a target fwd of your beam on port bow. So as per 19 we can overtake on either side P or Something. But if we think of that target it shall not alter to stbd as we r on stbd abaft her beam in this case our answer should be broad alteration to stbd. Please advice. Thanks
    0
  • Ranjeet Kumar October 28, 2019
    Very good explanation.i also learned all explanation.but I have one question sir ,one surveyor ask me....how will u determine vsl is crossing..I said which vessel pass from Port to stbd or stbd to Port and I also told I'll check the aspect of that vsl .but he not satisfied.can u tell me ans sir how I'll determine vsl is crossing
    0
  • aditya rai December 5, 2019
    Can we alter to Port in any situation?
    0
  • Pratik reddy January 26, 2020
    Sir please can you clarify the meaning under rule 18: EXCEPT WHERE RULES 9, 10 AND 13 OTHER WISE REQUIRE does it apply / not apply / partially apply to rule 9, 10 and 13. If it applies partially then do we need to consider rule 18 when a vessel is crossing narrow channel or tss.
    0
  • Vikas September 2, 2020
    Sir rule no 15 is applicable in narrow channel.?
    0
  • Hassan yameen November 11, 2020
    Good morning sir , I am sure u doing good.. Sir I want to know that , is the rule 18 will apply in narrow channel and tss...?
    0
  • Jam December 15, 2020
    Good Day sir. I have a question for you. When do you depart from the rules??
    0
  • GAMMA Marine March 9, 2021
    Thank you for providing such great information. Please find the details below for uk officer of the watch course
    0
  • Indrajeet Kumar April 12, 2021
    Nicely explained. Thanks sir.
    0
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    0
  • Amit Sorate August 31, 2021
    What an explanation sir! My journey is starting now as an Junior officer and for that I cannot get anything better than this! Thanks a lot
    0
  • Junrey September 27, 2021
    Dear capt, Rajeev i have question regarding Restricted in her ability to manuever lights . My vessel is oil/chem tanker 8540 GRT. 1. Why my vessel no have fix light of RAM lights. Only NUC and christmass tree lights only 2. The inspector said we should have portable lights for RAM if it is not fixed in the mast .. 3. The vessel should have this lights being hoist ? Please give me guidance regarding with this matter.
    0
  • Junrey September 27, 2021
    Dear capt, Rajeev i have question regarding Restricted in her ability to manuever lights . My vessel is oil/chem tanker 8540 GRT. 1. Why my vessel no have fix light of RAM lights. Only NUC and christmass tree lights only 2. The inspector said we should have portable lights for RAM if it is not fixed in the mast .. 3. The vessel should have this lights being hoist ? Please give me guidance regarding with this matter.
    0
  • sumit kajla October 6, 2021
    your blogs are very helpful sir.. pls sir keep writing on different topics
    0
  • jonathan chrispin January 14, 2022
    Hi, is this rule document available in PDF form? it would be really helpfull for my oral exam
    0
  • P.Muthukrishnan January 17, 2022
    Thanks for the explanation. Explained very well. Appreciated.God bless you.
    0
  • John Cruz March 12, 2022
    great article! I enjoyed this one.thanks. keep it up http://www.semiroadside.services/
    0
  • mrmamun March 24, 2022
    This is very informative also attractive topics. it is help use smartwatch.smartwatch
    0
  • Raymond Kramer April 20, 2022
    It’s a great and useful piece of info. I’m happy that you just shared this useful info with us. Please stay informed like this. Thank you for sharing. Here’s another informative content on Failure to Remain at The Scene of An Accident, find more details here.
    0
  • Mendaña Juribel M. October 25, 2022
    Very simple,understandable but informative information.I'll be sharing this wonderful work to my fellow students. I hope more of this will come
    0
  • sarahaly December 17, 2022
    how effective is cbd olja is. in pain rellieve
    0
  • Robert June 29, 2023
    Can a towed vessel exhibit NUC when tug is not a NUC nor RAM
    0
Capt Rajeev Jassal

About Capt Rajeev Jassal

Capt. Rajeev Jassal has sailed for over 24 years mainly on crude oil, product and chemical tankers. He holds MBA in shipping & Logistics degree from London. He has done extensive research on quantitatively measuring Safety culture onboard and safety climate ashore which he believes is the most important element for safer shipping.

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